Is quiting the same thing as a voluntary resignation?

I worked with a company for four years and decided to leave because there was no opportunity for personal development/promotion. I left without giving my two weeks, now I'm filling out resumes and am wondering if a voluntary resignation is the same as quiting. I imagine resigning like something you formally type out or a form you fill out after many many years with a company, most likely because of retirement. So is it the same thing or not?